Outsourcing till Asien inte lika god affär längre?
20 apr 2011, kl 13:35
bergh

I Wired för några nummer sedan finns en intressant artikel om trenden att amerikanska företag lägger produktion i asiatiska låginkomstländer såsom Kina. Teoretiskt ska ju detta på lång sikt pressa upp lönerna i låglöneländerna så att arbetarna där får det bättre. Men hur lång är den långa sikten?

Enligt artikeln, inte så lång som man skulle kunna tro. En McKinsey-rapport refereras:

In 2008, three McKinsey consultants analyzed the production of midrange servers, taking into account everything from shipping to quality to exchange rates. They concluded that fabricating such devices in China made sense in 2003, when the required labor was 60 percent cheaper there than in the US. At that time, they estimated, the per-unit savings ran about $64. But this advantage, McKinsey concluded, had vanished by 2008: “After factoring in the higher labor and freight costs, we find that the former offshore savings have turned negative—a burden of an extra $16.”

dessutom visas följande statistik över genomsnittliga timlöner i den Kinesiska tillverkningsindustrin:

Lönerna i dollar skulle stiga ännu mer om den Kinesiska valutan tilläts stiga i värde. Dessutom tycks “världens fabrik” ha ett kapacitetstak:

… countless US firms have received long-awaited shipments only to discover that the products are too flawed to sell. This problem is due largely to China’s success: Factories are so overbooked that they have no choice but to favor their biggest clients. The smaller customers can end up facing long delays or hastily assembled products (or both).

Vi får också veta att Sleek Audios flaggsskeppsprodukt, hörlurarna SA6, tidigare gjordes för hand i Kina men numera görs i USA – av robotar.

Wired har också snappat upp vad man tror om framtiden i Asien:

It’s also a safe bet that Asia will fight to win back those smaller companies. It will likely do this not by lowering prices but by ironing out the procedural kinks that have made offshoring an increasingly dicey proposition. Factories in the Chinese interior will try to prove their reliability, aided by government programs designed to improve the nation’s infrastructure. Quality-control regimes will be revamped to decrease the number of lemons that slip onto container ships

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